Computer-Generated Imagery (CGI) has fundamentally reshaped the way stories are told across various media, from film and television to video games and short films. The emergence of CGI animation has not only expanded the visual possibilities of storytelling but has also bridged the gap between imagination and reality, allowing animators to craft worlds that previously existed only in dreams. In this article, we will explore the dynamic world of CGI animation, tracing its history, dissecting its techniques, and showcasing its impact on the visual narrative.
CGI, or Computer-Generated Imagery, refers to the use of computer graphics to create images or animations in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) spaces. In animation, CGI enables the creation of dynamic characters, detailed environments, and intricate effects that would be impossible or extremely costly to achieve with traditional methods. Unlike hand-drawn animation, CGI utilizes complex algorithms to generate images that are then animated, giving life to otherwise static models.
CGI is often used in animated films, television shows, and video games to create stunning visual effects (VFX), realistic textures, and simulations, making it an essential tool in modern visual storytelling.
See Lachlan Whelan Productions’ video essay on CGI:
CGI animation has come a long way since its humble beginnings. The first use of CGI in a film dates back to the early 1970s, with the 1973 movie Westworld, which featured a pixelated robot vision sequence. However, it wasn't until 1995 that CGI truly made its mark on the world of animation with the release of Toy Story, the first fully computer-animated feature film produced by Pixar. This groundbreaking film revolutionized the industry, showcasing the power of 3D animation to create lifelike characters and immersive worlds.
Since then, CGI technology has advanced significantly. Modern animation software allows for the creation of hyper-realistic characters, intricate simulations of natural phenomena, and even the recreation of historical figures in films. With advancements in motion capture and real-time rendering, animators can now bring even the most fantastical visions to life.
Enjoy Angel D’s curated journey through the advancements of CGI over the years:
While the terms "CGI" and "3D animation" are often used interchangeably, they refer to slightly different concepts. CGI encompasses all forms of computer-generated visual content, including 2D and 3D imagery. On the other hand, 3D animation specifically involves creating models in a three-dimensional space and animating them.
In 3D animation, models are built with depth, allowing animators to manipulate them in any direction, unlike in 2D animation, where characters are restricted to flat planes. Both 2D and 3D animations can use CGI techniques, but 3D animation is most commonly associated with the term "CGI" due to its prominence in visual effects and animated films.
The key difference between traditional animation and CGI motion lies in how the animation is produced. In traditional animation, animators draw each frame by hand, which is then played in sequence to create the illusion of movement. CGI motion, however, relies on computer algorithms to animate digital models, often through keyframe animation or motion capture.
In CGI motion, the animator sets keyframes—specific points in time where the model's position or shape is defined. The software then interpolates the frames between these key moments, smoothing out the motion. Motion capture, on the other hand, involves recording the movements of real actors and translating them into digital models. This technique is frequently used in film and video game animation for realistic character movement.
CGI animation relies heavily on specialized software that allows animators to model, texture, rig, and animate 3D objects and characters. Some of the most popular CGI animation software includes:
Artin Azarnejad gives overviews of all the well known 3D software in his entertaining video:
The best software for CGI animation often depends on the needs of the project and the animator's expertise. For professionals working on high-budget films or video games, Maya is frequently the go-to choice due to its robust toolset and industry integration. Blender, on the other hand, is an excellent option for indie animators and smaller studios, thanks to its versatility and the fact that it's free.
Disney, along with Pixar, predominantly uses Maya for its CGI animation projects. The studio also develops proprietary tools to complement the standard software suite, allowing for innovations in character rigging, shading, and lighting. Pixar’s proprietary RenderMan engine is a cornerstone for rendering the breathtaking visuals seen in their films, such as Finding Nemo and Coco
Aside from Maya and Blender, several other programs and engines are commonly used in CGI production:
While both CGI and traditional 3D animation involve creating models and animating them, CGI often emphasizes realism and visual effects. Traditional 3D animation, while still reliant on computers, may focus more on stylization and character-driven narratives. Furthermore, CGI tends to involve more complex simulations and integrations of VFX elements, such as explosions, water simulations, or character morphing.
No, CGI is not always 3D. While 3D CGI is the most well-known, CGI also encompasses 2D animations, compositing, and visual effects. The term "CGI" simply refers to any image or animation created with the help of a computer, regardless of whether it is rendered in two or three dimensions.
Yes, 3D models are a form of CGI. They are created using software to simulate the appearance of real-world or fictional objects in a three-dimensional space. These models are then animated or used in still renders for various media applications, from film to video games.
The first use of CGI in a feature film was in the 1973 film Westworld, where it was used to create the vision of a robot. However, it wasn't until Tron in 1982 that CGI played a more prominent role, with the film showcasing groundbreaking effects. The turning point came with Toy Story in 1995, marking the first feature-length film to be entirely computer-animated, forever changing the landscape of animation.
See the original TRON trailer shared by FT Depot:
One of the main challenges of CGI animation is the steep learning curve associated with mastering the software and techniques involved. Additionally, creating high-quality CGI can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. However, the advantages are immense: CGI allows for a level of detail, realism, and flexibility that traditional animation techniques cannot match. Furthermore, CGI enables filmmakers to create visuals that would be impossible or cost-prohibitive with physical effects.
The future of CGI animation is brimming with possibilities. With advancements in artificial intelligence, real-time rendering engines, and VR/AR technologies, we can expect even more immersive and interactive storytelling experiences. AI-driven tools are already assisting animators by automating repetitive tasks, while real-time engines like Unreal Engine are revolutionizing the speed and interactivity of CGI production.
In conclusion, CGI animation has become an indispensable tool for modern storytellers, enabling them to push the boundaries of imagination and create worlds that captivate audiences across the globe. Whether you’re watching the latest blockbuster, playing a video game, or creating your own animated short, CGI continues to transform the way stories are told.
